Breakthrough Tracker record

A 146-page preprint claims a complete classification of Forsythe's conjecture

Matthew Colbrook, George Stepaniants and Alex Townsend prove that Forsythe's restarted-conjugate-gradient conclusion holds exactly for restart lengths one, two and three, while diagonal positive-definite counterexamples exist for every restart length at least four.

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Stable ID
math-forsythe-restarted-cg-classification-2026
Revision
math-forsythe-restarted-cg-classification-2026.v1
Field
Mathematics · Numerical analysis, optimization and dynamical systems
Evidence
Tier 1 · Peer reviewed: No
Record state
Provisional · Provisional complete-classification preprint
Last checked

AI role

The authors describe several weeks of iterative work with GPT-5.6, including discovery of the route for lengths two and three and the oscillatory obstruction at length four. They checked and developed the final mathematics and accept responsibility.

Record details

Problem or result
Forsythe's 1968 asymptotic-direction conjecture for restarted conjugate gradients
Authors
Matthew J. Colbrook, George Stepaniants and Alex Townsend
Institutions
University of Cambridge; California Institute of Technology; Cornell University
Result date
Preprint submitted September 4, 2026

Why it matters

The work gives a sharp restart-length boundary for a nearly six-decade-old numerical-linear-algebra problem and combines analytic dynamics with exact rational interval and Sturm-sequence certification.

Limits

The 146-page first-version preprint has not been peer reviewed. Exact programs certify the finite restart-four premises, while the general higher-length construction is analytic; no independent specialist correctness assessment was located.

Sources

  1. Primary: Colbrook, Stepaniants and Townsend, complete Forsythe classification

Correction and revision history

  1. 2026-09-07 — Added after primary-source, scope, status, AI-role and limitation review.

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